I have used the Finnish names on the maps and texts,
mainly because it's hard to find Soviet names and match them with my
sources, which use Finnish names.
The place-names in Finnish are almost always literal. They are usually
constructed with a suffix that is also a noun, describing the terrain
or the place. The following place-suffixes can be found in these pages:
-joki : river
-järvi : lake
-kallio : rock
-kirkko : church
-koski : rapids, shoot, chute
-lahti : bay
-lampi : pond, small lake
-metsä : forest
-niemi : cape
-puro : stream
-ranta : beach
-saari : island
-salmi : strait
-suo : marsh
-vaara : ridge
the Finnish "ä" is pronounced like the a in "apple"
or "ass"
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Unit Abbreviations
I have used Finnish abbreviations in these pages,
because the Finnish sources use them and it's easier to me. This may
pose a problem with the Soviet units, since they are designated with
the Finnish abbreviations, which might not be entirely correct.
P-SR : North Finland Group (Pohjois-Suomen Ryhmä in Finnish)
LR : Lapland Group (Lapin Ryhmä in Finnish)
P-KR : North Karelia Group (Pohjois-Karjalan Ryhmä in Finnish)
1.D : the 1st division
JR : infantry regiment (Jalkaväkirykmentti in Finnish)
Pr. : brigade (Prikaati in Finnish)
HRR : "Häme" cavalry regiment (Hämeen ratsurykmentti
in Finnish)
URR : "Uudenmaa" dragoon regiment (Uudenmaan Rakuunarykmentti
in Finnish)
ITR : Antiaircraft regiment (ilmatorjuntarykmentti in Finnish)
KTR : Field artillery regiment (Kenttätykistörykmentti
in Finnish)
I/KTR 5 : the 1st artillery battalion of the KTR 5
P : battalion (Pataljoona in Finnish)
JP : Jaeger battalion (Jääkäri pataljoona in Finnish)
PPP : bicycle battalion (Polkupyöräpataljoona in Finnish)
II/JR 10 : 2nd battalion of JR 10
Kev.Os. : light detachment (kevyt osasto in Finnish)
Psto : artillery battalion (patteristo in Finnish)
Ptri : battery (patteri in Finnish)
Rask. = heavy (raskas in Finnish)
Jär. = Super-heavy (Järeä in Finnish)
Er. : separate , independent (erillinen, erillis- in Finnish)
K : company (Komppania in Finnish)
Er.K : separate company
Pans.K : tank company (panssarikomppania in Finnish)
Er.P 11 : 11th separate battalion
Pion.K : Engineer company
Os. : Task Force, detachment (Osasto in Finnish)
Tst.Os. : Battle group (Taisteluosasto in Finnish)
RT : Group Talvela (Ryhmä Talvela in Finnish)
P-SR : North Finland Group (Pohjois-Suomen Ryhmä in Finnish)
J : Platoon (Joukkue in Finnish)
LMe.P. : Ladoga coast defense (Laatokan Meripuolustus in Finnish)
TO : recon detachment (Tiedusteluosasto in Finnish)
RO : border guard detachment (Rajavartio-osasto in Finnish)
Kv.K / Kev.K : light company (Kevyt komppania in Finnish)
KT-Pr. : Field replacements brigade (Kenttätäydennysprikaati
in Finnish)
SissiP : Guerilla/Ranger battalion (Sissipataljoona in Finnish)
LLv. : (Aircraft) Squadron (Lentolaivue in Finnish)
LeR. : Aircraft Regiment (Lentorykmentti in Finnish)
-The companies in a regiment are divided among the battalion
as follows; the 1st, 2nd and 3rd company are in the 1st battalion
and the 4th, 5th and 6th company are in the 2nd battalion and so on.
-The machine gun companies have the same number as their parent battalion,
for example the 2nd mg-company is in the 2nd battalion.
Therefore 8./JR 10 is the 8th company of JR 10 (from the regiment's
3rd battalion)
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